《The Trial of Socrates》

"Our attempt at a new understanding of the trial of Socrates will also become a fresh look at classical antiquity. It is our yesterday and we cannot understand ourselves without it." Thus Izzy Stone approaches the death of a secular saint and the decline of democracy in Athens four centuries before Christ.

Stone brings to his penetrating documentation of the missing prosecution case (which throws new light on Plato's eulogy) all the readability familiar to the 77,000 admirers of the radical I. F. Stone's Weekly. An uncompromising campaigner against McCarthyism and the Vietnam War, he set out to discover how a so-called free society, such as existed in Athens, could try and condemn to death its most renowned philosopher. Stone taught himself Greek the better to assess his primary sources --- Plato's dialogues, Xenophon's Memorabilia, Aristophanes, Aristotle and others. His portrait of Socrates is not flattering: Stone accuses him of snobbery, class prejudice and arrogance, and finds "the irrelevant standard by which to judge the competence of statesmen, tragic poets or shoemakers in their respective crafts." Yet he was the victim of a witch-hunt, for, as Stone shows all too clearly, the totalitarianism, political expedience and terrorism threatening the world today had their counterparts at the time of the Peloponnesian Wars. To Stone the shame of the trial is that a society famous for the citizen's right of free speech prosecuted a philosopher "for no other crime than exercising it".

"A marvellously vivid account ... a splendid sequel to I. F. Stone's Weekly." The New York Review of Books

"Stone has read the texts the way he did the Pentagon Papers --- with an eye for the significant detail and the latent connection." Atlantic Monthly

"There's so much more to this book than the conclusions he arrives at. The case Mr Stone makes is impressive, [his] scholarship is alive and engaging." The New York Times

I. F. Stone has been a journalist since 1922, when at the age of fourteen he launched a monthly, The Progress, supporting such causes as Gandhi's moves for freedom in India, and the League of Nations. After studying philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania, he worked on various newspapers in New Jersey, Philadelphia and New York, including The Nation and the New York Post. He is best known for his notoriously radical one-man Washington news-sheet, I. F. Stone's Weekly, which he ran for nineteen years before he was forced to close it just before Watergate, due to ill health.

One of Izzy Stone's favourites among many scoops was his discovery that underground nuclear tests could be detected thousands of miles away and not, as Eisenhower's administration held, simply within a radius of 200 miles. For many years he was denied a White House press card and was still being falsely branded recently be one British political weekly as a Marxist. "You shouldn't really have a party affiliation as a journalist," Stone (an admirer of Kipling) told an interviewer in the New Statesman in 1986, "but at the same time a journalist should do whatever his conscience tells him he should."

Always a campaigner for civil liberties, he had no intention of settling into docile domesticity after the demise of I. F. Stone's Weekly. Instead he acquired a computer with letters one third of an inch high, with which to overcome failing sight caused by cataracts, and embarked on a history of free speech. He was seventy (the same age as Socrates when he was brought to trial) before he decided to teach himself classical Greek. It took ten years to complete The Trial of Socrates

Stone is the author of eleven earlier books, including In a Time of Torment and The Killings at Kent State. He has lectured at many universities, including Oxford, Harvard and Yale, and has received awards from Princeton and McGill Universities for his forays into Athenian thought and politics.